Glossary Building 5

The first term is label warnings. Label warnings are a protective mechanism of consumers’ health that provides information about the characteristics, usage, or risks that a product may have, to prevent consumer-related injuries, which are the involuntary or sudden events caused by the use and/or consumption of a product or service, capable of causing a consumer’ injury or death. I think label warnings are very important because it gives the consumer straightforward information about the product for safe use, promoting healthy habits for the consumer. It is required on wholesale packages and labels as well as retail products abiding by the right of disclosure for the consumer. Knowing about consumer-related injuries is vital to consumer health because manufacturers and researchers can prevent lawsuits, consumer complaints and take preventative steps to avoid other consumer-related injuries, thus aiding in the health and safety of other consumers. It is also important for consumers to know so that they are well-informed and can prevent injury themselves.

The first term is Institutional Review Board, or the IRB. The IRB is a board, committee, or other group that is formally designated by an institution to review biomedical research involving human subjects. IRBs play a vital role in ensuring the protection of the rights and welfare of human research subjects. The IRB does this by using a group process to review research protocols and related materials (such as informed consent documents and research handbooks). They have the authority to approve or disapprove research. I believe IRBs are extremely important to consumer health, their reviews help reduce concerns from the general public about the conduct of research, ensure that the research adheres to ethical values and principles, and promotes the safety and well-being of research participants.

• Label warnings: Protective mechanism of consumers’ health that provides information about the characteristics, usage or risks that a product may have. They are part of the product and its characteristics, abiding by the right of disclosure for the consumers. It provides concrete and straightforward information for the consumer; and promotes health and healthy habits for an informed and safe consumption.
• Consumer Related Injuries: Involuntary or sudden event caused by the useand/or consumption of a product or service, capable of causing a consumers’ injury or death
• Institutional Review Board: Any board, committee, or other group formally designated by an institution to review, to approve the initiation of, and to conduct periodic review of, biomedical research involving human subjects.

Sources

“Glossary of Terms Related to Consumers’ Health.” Pan American Health Organization, 5 Aug. 2015, https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&category_slug=scientific-technical-material-paho-who-9855&alias=44757-glossary-terms-related-to-consumers-health-757&Itemid=270&lang=enUnited States, Congress, Department of Health and Human Services. Title 21 – Food and Drugs, vol. 1, Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration, 2020, pp. 383–383. National Archives, www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-56/subpart-A/section-56.102.

Food Prompt Two

What is your reaction?

My reaction is that moderation is a big problem for individuals in America based on the example week which sounds very common for me and many people I know. my first thought was about the number of temptations an individual would have by just walking down the street like for example doughnut shops, ice cream parlors, and many more fast sugary foods which are also mentioned in the slide “Each day we walk through a world that presents us with dozens or even hundreds of temptations and visual triggers for junk foods”.

 Reading the example of a not-very-moderate food week that “feels” moderate, do you see yourself in it? Are you, as a lot of us, practicing somewhat meaningless “moderation” – and perhaps increasing your risk of chronic, diet-related disease? 

When I read the example I could relate very well.” If you eat healthfully most of the day, but have a treat each day, you’re actually creating an imbalance”. And this leads to another problem” this is a major problem I have for myself which is I can maintain eating healthy for the majority of the day but once I get a craving or a temptation to eat unhealthily I usually do so. I think this is a problem with a lot of individuals as they think if they go most of the time eating well then when they do eat unhealthily it is ok.

What is your next step, if you were planning to take this aspect of consumer health seriously?

My next step would be to figure out a more balanced diet which for me would be creating things that still taste good but are healthy. My major problem is the cost of healthy food. It is more convenient to stop and get fast food and it is sometimes cheaper also than preparing a healthy meal. With better planning, I can figure out better ways to prepare healthier meals and still manage my time. I believe this is also a problem with others because they sacrifice healthy eating habits for more time or convince.

Glossary building 4

Glossary Building Post

Medical device reporting (MDR), according to the FDA website, is one of the postmarket surveillance tools the FDA uses to monitor device performance, detect potential device-related safety issues, and contribute to benefit-risk assessments of these products. Medical device reports are achieved by mandatory reporters following the MDR regulation that requires them to submit certain types of reports for adverse events and product problems about medical devices to the FDA. Mandatory reports to the FDA are required from manufacturers, importers, and device user facilities.

A medical device report submitted a medical professional, patient, caregiver, or consumer about the pernicious effects of a defective medical device is called voluntary medical device reporting and this specific group of reporters are called voluntary reporters. Voluntary medical reports are not required by the FDA, but strongly encouraged. Voluntary reporters can also report usage errors, product futilities and quality issues, treatment ineffectualities, and equipment failures. I wasn’t aware of the MDR surveillance tool and now that I looked into it, I think it is important that more consumers are made aware of it.

The MDR system is important because it encourages and helps achieve maximum consumer safety by providing critical information that can aid in the improvement of a medical device. Mandatory reporters play a vital role in MDR. Importers are required to report to the FDA and the manufacturer when they learn that one of their devices may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury. If the imported devices have malfunctioned and could likely be the cause of or contribute to death or serious injury, the importer must report only to the manufacturer. A device user facility is any facility that provides patient care, which is not a physician’s office. These user facilities are hospitals, ambulatory surgical facilities, nursing homes, outpatient diagnostic facilities, or outpatient treatment facilities. Device user facilities are required, per MDR regulations, to report any and all suspected medical device-related death(s) to both the FDA and the manufacturer. User facilities are also required to report any serious medical device injury to the manufacturer, or if the manufacturer is unknown, to the FDA. Once the manufacturer is informed by the importer or device user facility of the adverse events or faults of a medical device, they then must report to the FDA.

I believe this system of communication is important, not only for the mandatory reporters and the FDA, but for the consumers as well. It can help provide peace of mind, ensures the safety and wellbeing of the consumers and can provide assurance that the medical device will benefit consumer health and safety. I also think voluntary reports are extremely useful, providing a voluntary report can help your patients, those you care about and can benefit the safety of strangers as well. I think everyone should participate in voluntary reporting. All reporters, whether voluntary or mandatory, play an important part of consumer health.

• Medical device reporting: one of the postmarket surveillance tools the FDA uses to monitor device performance, detect potential device-related safety issues, and contribute to benefit-risk assessments of these products.
• Mandatory reporters: manufacturers, device user facilities, and importers of medical devices.
• Manufacturers: Required to report to the FDA when they learn that any of their devices may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury and when they become aware that their device has malfunctioned and would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur.
• Importers: Importers are required to report to the FDA and the manufacturer when they learn that one of their devices may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury.
• Device User Facilities: A hospital, ambulatory surgical facility, nursing home, outpatient diagnostic facility, or outpatient treatment facility, which is not a physician’s office.
• Voluntary Reporter: A medical professional, patient, caregiver, or consumer that chooses to submit a medical device report to the FDA about pernicious effects of a defective medical device.

Sources
Center for Devices and Radiological Health. “Medical Device Reporting (MDR): How to Report Medical Device Problems.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, 2020, www.fda.gov/medical-devices/medical-device-safety/medical-device-reporting-mdr-how-report-medical-device-problems.

Glossary Building 3

The first term is PCP, which stands for primary care provider. A primary care provider is a licensed and qualified medical professional, who provides long-term personalized patient care to prevent, diagnose and treat simple and complex medical ailments. A PCP is usually a doctor, but can also be a nurse practitioner, clinical specialist or physician’s assistant. Your PCP is who you see when you have common health problems. There are different types of PCPs, each have different specializations and backgrounds, but serve the same general purpose, which is providing their patient with the proper care to promote their health and well-being.

Internal medicine doctors only care for adults, they are trained to diagnose and treat conditions from early adulthood to old age, they are also called internists. Pediatricians specialize in child health care from birth to early adulthood, keeping children on track toward a healthy future. Family medicine doctors can care for your whole family, they focus on family health care and can cater to the needs of an entire family, no matter the age of each family member. Since family medicine doctors specialize in family care, they know your family medical history thus giving highly personalized care. OB-GYNs primary focus is womens’ health, specifically the female reproductive system. An OB-GYN is someone you can go to for all, if any, of your womens’ health needs but since they specialize in the female reproductive system, it is important to have another type of PCP as well, such as a family medicine doctor or an internist. Your PCP is someone you should rely on to manage your non-emergent healthcare needs, so I believe it’s important to make sure to do your research and find one that is right for you.

• Primary care provider: A licensed and qualified medical professional, who provides long-term personalized patient care to prevent, diagnose and treat simple and complex medical ailments.
• Internal medicine doctors: Only care for adults, they are trained to diagnose and treat conditions from early adulthood to old age
• Pediatricians: specialize in child health care from birth to early adulthood
• Family medicine doctors: can care for your whole family, they focus on family health care and can cater to the needs an entire family, no matter the age of each family member
• OB-GYNs: specialize in womens’ health, specifically the female reproductive system.

Sources

Averbeck, Beth. “5 Types of Primary Care Doctors.” HealthPartners Blog, 6 Aug. 2021, www.healthpartners.com/blog/5-types-primary-care-doctors/. 

Finance Prompt 1

In your use of the PUBH 209 course materials, what have you learned about financial health and decision-making that you feel is critical to share with others?
One major aspect I would want to share with others involving financial health and decision making is to limit your debt and be educated about debt and loans, etc.
A common topic I saw in the class resources was information about debt and debt collectors. student loan debt and other financial debts are a big crippling aspect to American people in today’s world but are not talked about enough until the later years of life.
Mentioned in the Forbes website titled “10 things you need to know about student loans” Number 10 stuck out to be the most “your life is not over because you have debt” it further explains how student loans can be stressful and intimidating but if used right can advance you in your life. Loans can be a scary topic and some will shy away from them because people are simply not properly educated about them. But being educated about loans is the first key which involves repayment, interest, etc.

What gives you hope, as a consumer? What do you believe will take major work by 1) policymakers and 2) consumers to solve?
(1)What gives me hope is because of the number of Americans involved with debt there have been people in office recognizing these problems and trying to get different laws involving eliminating student loan debt for Americans. Because of this people begin to look into things themselves which leads to websites like consumer.ftc.gov which explains information about debt collectors and certain laws enforced that people should be informed about when dealing with debt collectors.
(2) When it comes to consumers I come back to my idea of being educated is the most important thing you can do while being involved in loans or debt. In the Finance, slides slide 22 reports that there are programs that have been community funded and also state funded programs that deal with financial education. This gives me hope that we the consumers are firstly talking about financial issues and problems but most importantly coming up with ways to help and educate others

https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/debt-collection-faqs

https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2016/01/05/10-things-you-absolutely-need-to-know-about-student-loans/?sh=31f7cda510d0

Early life and childhood. Promt 1

Reading some of the early life matters content pages one that caught my attention was push presents. On this particular page, a lot of what is mentioned is extra materials that a parent may want but not necessarily need to give the baby good health. Things like clothes and other materials mentioned in the post ” push presents can range from things for the baby (like clothes, toys, bed rails, or baby bouncers) to things for Mom (like essential oils, a cozy robe, or jewelry)”. Another big topic in this article was clothes for the mother while pregnant and other useful materials another might need before and after birth. I am sure gifts like these are useful and very thoughtful from whomever they are receiving them from but something that got me thinking is the fact that situations like baby showers or gifts usually come from family or friends and most of the time to get clothes for pregnancy and other materials take money and stability while that sounds nice not everyone has this same situation. Some mothers aren’t as fortunate or have the same stability to have extra clothes while being pregnant or the support from others to get gifts that would help throughout the pregnancy.

On the other hand when reading birth slides the most important aspect of taking care of a healthy baby before and after birth has to do with diet, daily environment, and care pre-conception.In the slides, it gives examples what are some risks and who is at risks and it states “

• poor pre-conception health
• little/no/late prenatal care
• negative “lifestyle choices” 
  • ATOD* use/addiction
  • poor/less than optimal diet
  • risky workplaces
  • unhealthy relationships
• interventional approach to birth
  • induction
  • episiotomy
  • cesarean section
  • VBAC bans

*Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

To answer the question “What do you think most pre-parents and young parents would like to know to make the best choices possible for themselves and their new/future children?

I am not taking away the significance from certain materials or tools that can make pregnancy an easier and smoother transition but when it comes to what someone should be most concerned about while making choices for their child while also being a consumer should be Health. this means education and information about pregnancy, transportation to medical centers, vitamins, and better health environments. I believe these aspects should be known to make the best choices for themselves and future/new children. If you are in a position to receive or purchase those extra items that may help the pregnancy I would also recommend that but first health is most important.

Photovoice part 2

My post will be a commercial available in the link below.

I watched this commercial but didn’t have my phone near.Luckily because of the days we live in I was fortunate enough to find it on the internet.A big struggle i had with this assignment was trying to answer the question “is this healthy”.I found with this certain commercial and many others containing energy drinks that i searched after this was a lot of the information about health comes at the end of the commercial.Another strategy was health facts being told in fast paced speech in order for consumers to lose attention by the time they talk about it or assume individuals are not gonna pay attention to the fast speaking words which are both very true for people just casually watching tv.What we can assume is there isn’t many healthy energy drinks therefore them not stating that it is healthy should give off a red flag for people.My second question was “what are they selling me” which when it comes to commercials are most of the time their main goal.Not only are they selling a energy drink but they do it in a way with humor and unrealistic skits that make it seem that this specific energy drink will lift you up so much “it will give you wings”.How we are getting advertised something is very important some situations its data or facts that someone will display in order to get you to buy into what they are selling.Next another common strategy is humor and playful animation in order to grab your attention and remember that certain commercials and the product they are selling.

This project reminded me of the “Thinking and Discourse” assignment in the way of trying to focus on how a message or in this situation a advertisement is being portrayed to you.Something that someone would benefit from completing a project like this is widening an individual’s knowledge on how to sort out information that isn’t important or not needed to know through a consumers point of view.What these questions have in common is focusing on the main focus of what a consumer needs to know before committing their time or money.Questions like these can provide answers to health and other concerns that come along with advertisement.

My post can help the general public by being more aware of what advertisements are selling.Enjoying advertisement or a funny commercials are good things for people but its important to know WHAT you are consuming and HOW you are doing it.We as People get advertised to everyday with posters,billboards,street signs and many more ways in everyday life.Getting more knowledge on how to process advertisement can be important in decision making,money savings and many other aspects that can improve our everyday living.

Glossary Building 1

In 2010 the Affordable Cares Act also known as “Obamacare” was signed into law. This law had hopes to improve the Health care system and other key componets according to Healthcare.org”Key provisions are intended to extend coverage to millions of uninsured Americans, to implement measures that will lower health care costs and improve system efficiency, and to eliminate industry practices that include rescission and denial of coverage due to pre-existing conditions.” This law had a big impact on the The Health care system,Like for Example Since The law made it so People with pre-existing health conditions couldnt get denied Health insurance many people were getting Attention at hospitals and other health care facilities.

Many indivuals have used this Affordable Cares Act Apha.org reporting “16.6 percent of the population under age 65 was uninsured,according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. In the first quarter of 2016, only 10 percent of the populationunder age 65 was uninsured. And this number is getting smaller each year.”

Affordable Cares Act (ACA):is a comprehensive reform law, enacted in 2010, that increases health insurance coverage for the uninsured and implements reforms to the health insurance market. This includes many provisions that are consistent with AMA policy and holds the potential for a better health care system.

Health care system:A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.

Health Insurance:a type of insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical expenses. As with other types of insurance is risk among many individuals.

Refrences:

https://www.apha.org/-/media/files/pdf/topics/aca/why_need_aca_2017.ashx#:~:text=By%20making%20health%20coverage%20more,disparities%20in%20health%20insurance%20coverage%2C

Affordable Care Act (ACA) – HealthCare.gov Glossary. HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/.

Photo voice part 1

Hey Group, I love watching a good and humorous commercial. One that often catches my eye is Redbull commercials, so hopefully I can catch a photo of the commercial on tv when I see them and answer the following questions “How Healthy is it” and “Who’s selling me what”.

Healthcare Prompt 1

The first thing i would try to do for a friend if my goal was to inform them about the ACA is i would start with the basics and goals of the Law.First i would inform them about how it came about which is from the Obama administration in 2010 then explain the goals of the

• Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law provides consumers with subsidies (“premium tax credits”) that lower costs for households with incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level (FPL). Note: If your income is above 400% FPL, you may still qualify for the premium tax credit in 2021.
• Expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the FPL. (Not all states have expanded their Medicaid programs.)
• Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally.

Next i would want to include some of the pros and cons of the law which mightexplain why. some eithier agree or disagree with the ACA.

A pro would be that indivuals cannot be denied insurnace due to pre existing conditions.

This could intrest many people that have family members with chronic health problems to agree with this law.

A con would be that because insurance companies cover a wider range of benifits some indivuals who already had health insurance saw their premiums get higher

This could be a reason someone would be against the ACA

Lastly i would suggest to my friend that when searching for information about the ACA is to check the source of the information to make sure they are credible.My suggestion would be to look for Goverment sites(.Gov) because the information can be traced back and commonly updated information.That is where i got my information above

Sources

Affordable Care Act (ACA) – HealthCare.gov Glossary. HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/.

Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for CatastrophicEvents. (2014, August 27). Key Features of the Affordable Care Act by Year. The Impacts of the Affordable Care Act on Preparedness Resources and Programs: Workshop Summary. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241401/.

Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA). (2021, March 30). Pre-Existing Conditions. HHS.gov. https://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/about-the-aca/pre-existing-conditions/index.html.